Difficulties faced by residents of 'red light' districts in the UK Essay

Difficulties faced by residents of 'red light' districts in the UK - Essay Example Based on the statistics provided by the Metropolitan Police in London there are around nine boroughs in which prostitution on the streets occurs which actually causes problems to the local residents. In addition to this the Metropolitan Police Service did expose that there are almost certainly 800 saunas, massage parlors and escort representations in London in which almost 5,000+ women work and provide sex services.2 These women have actually been forced or victimized into prostitution.3 Actually street prostitution and connected drug activity can induce real agony for local residents. Of late politicians and police commandants are made more responsible to residents by the local CDRPs (Crime and Disorder Reduction Partnerships). Prostitution has now turned out to be a foremost trouble in the UK as individuals at a very young age involve themselves in the profession. This profession not only affects the individual involved but their family, children and the local residents are also af fected. Legalizing this profession would not be advantageous since the individuals who are involved will find it very hard to come out of the profession. Apart from this legalizing would also make it a tolerable alternative of occupation. The result is that the dark side of this occupation that is – abuse, coercion, lack of choice – is cloaked under a layer of decency, a facade which those profiting from high benefits persistently uphold. Nearly 81% of women who work in brothels in the UK have come from overseas4; and most of them must have been trafficked. Present UK statute law has nothing to say about off-street prostitution. The present law submissively and unconcernedly approves this view of the trade. Provided that the law does not censure the misuse of prostitution there will always be a requirement for women to prostitute and when this demand is not met by the women who have previously been cajoled into prostituting themselves, coercion or forcing others into t his trade by the powerful will not stop. UN Special Reporter for Human Trafficking Sigma Huda pointed out in a latest report: â€Å"It is not necessary for demand itself to lead to trafficking; rather, it is sufficient that the exploitation fostered by the demand leads to trafficking†¦ The demand side of trafficking is not, therefore, properly understood as the demand for a trafficking victim’s prostitution, labour or services. Rather, demand must be understood expansively, as any act that fosters any form of exploitation that, in turn, leads to trafficking.†5 What is a brothel? Prostitution cannot be termed as illegal at a brothel provided the sex worker does not manage or even run the brothel. When a woman uses her house alone for prostitution, is not a brothel. This was established in (Gorman v Standen6, Palace Clarke v Standen7). On the other hand, where rooms or flats in a single building are leased independently to different individuals who provide sexual se rvices; it may be dealt as a brothel but only if they are in actual fact working jointly. In Donovan v Gavin8 it was demonstrated that the leasing of single rooms in a house under freestanding occupancies and to different prostitutes does not inevitably rule out the house, or portions of it, from being a house of prostitution. Communities & Street Prostitution Street prostitution changes

Investigating the Properties of Oils Coursework

Investigating the Properties of Oils - Coursework Example The cup viscometer measures the kinematic velocity of a fluid and the unit of viscosity measured by such a viscometer is centistokes (Viswanath). Purpose: To determine the viscosity of a given sample of lubricating oil of unknown viscosity, with the help of a Cup Viscometer and different commercially available oils of known viscosity. It can be hypothesized that as the viscosity increases, the flow decreases and thus the efflux time increases, i.e. substances with a higher viscosity would take more time to efflux from the cup viscometer to the beaker. Methodology: In this experiment a cup viscometer will be used to determine the viscosity of a sample of lubricating oil of unknown viscosity. The cup viscometer will first be constructed by using disposable Styrofoam cups and subsequently be used to measure the viscosity. The following equipment will be required to conduct the experiment: Three different types of commonly available oils with known viscosities, viz. Olive Oil Soyabean Oi l Kerosene Oil A sample of the oil whose viscosity is to be determined, viz. lubricating oil Four disposable Styrofoam cups Burette Clamp or stand Four 100 ml graduated Cylinders Four beakers A skewer of uniform diameter to punch holes Scotch Tape An accurate Stopwatch The first part of the experiment is to construct a cup viscometer using disposable Styrofoam cups and calibrating it using oils of known viscosities. Four disposable Styrofoam cups are taken and holes are punched in their bottoms using a skewer of uniform diameter. One should be extremely careful while punching holes in order to ensure that all four holes are of the same diameter. Once the holes have been punched, scotch tape has to be applied at the bottom of all the cups in order to prevent the oil from leaking once it has been poured in to the cups. The cups are then marked as A, B or C, one for each different oil of known viscosity. The next step is the calibration of the cup viscometers prepared. This is achieved via pouring measured quantities (i.e. 60 ml) of the three different oils of known viscosities in to three different cup viscometers. Olive Oil is placed in Cup A, Soyabean Oil in Cup B and Kerosene Oil in Cup C. This can be achieved by using a graduated measuring cylinder to measure out 60 ml of each oil into the respective cups. While filling the graduated cylinders, it should be ensured that the cylinder is placed in a flat horizontal surface, in order to avoid any errors in measurements. Moreover, it is important to remember that most solutions would form a concave meniscus. Thus, while reading a meniscus, the bottom of the meniscus should be read and the meniscus should be kept at eye level in order to avoid parallax errors. Moreover, the meniscus should be read against a uniform background, which can be achieved by placing a white sheet of paper behind the level of the liquid. Once all the cups have been filled, one of the cups (i.e. Cup A) is suspended in a burette clamp and a beaker is placed underneath. The scotch tape is then carefully removed and the stopwatch started in order to time the experiment. The time required for 60 ml of Olive Oil to flow from the cup in to the beaker is recorded. The timing should start immediately after the removal of the scotch tape and should